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50%;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;color:#ff4812;text-transform:uppercase}#outer-container{width:100%;max-width:54.6875rem;padding-top:3.125rem;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){#outer-container{padding-top:0}}.sidebar-content-container{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap}.economy-footer{background:#ffffff;color:#000;margin-top:0;position:relative;z-index:2}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.economy-footer{margin-top:0.9375rem}}.economy-footer__inner{width:100%;max-width:54.6875rem;margin-left:0;margin-right:auto;padding:0.625rem;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.economy-footer__inner{display:block}}.economy-footer__economy-links,.economy-footer__metadata{flex:1 1 50%}.economy-footer__button-container{margin:0.3125rem 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a:before{content:"";display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:0.5em;height:0.5em;margin-right:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.25em;background-color:#ff4812}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.mobile-footer{display:none}}.pause-animations{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #b2b2b2;padding:0.3125rem 0.625rem;cursor:pointer;display:block;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:calc( 100% - 1em - 2.5rem);left:100%;z-index:100;margin-top:calc( -1 * (1em - 1.875rem));margin-right:0.625rem;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;text-align:inherit;white-space:nowrap}.pause-animations:focus{background:#fff003}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.pause-animations{width:100%;padding:0.625rem;border:0;position:static;top:auto;left:auto;margin-top:0.9375rem;margin-right:0}#mobile-pause-sticky-wrapper>.pause-animations{display:none}}.pause-animations a,.pause-animations a:link,.pause-animations a:visited,.pause-animations a:hover{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}.pause-animations__label--for-when-playing{display:block}.animations-paused .pause-animations__label--for-when-playing{display:none}.pause-animations__label--for-when-paused{display:none}.animations-paused .pause-animations__label--for-when-paused{display:block}.pause-animations svg{width:1em;vertical-align:middle}.pause-animations svg [fill]{fill:#ff6e01}.pause-animations__label--for-when-playing svg{margin-left:0.0625rem}.pause-animations__label--for-when-paused svg{margin-left:0.125rem}.collapsible-menu .pause-animations{flex:0 0 auto;border:1px solid #b2b2b2;margin-left:0.3125rem;padding:0.1875rem 0.375rem;margin-top:0.875rem;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.collapsible-menu .pause-animations{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.sidebar{display:none}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.sidebar{display:block;flex:0 0 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ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.yale-footer a,.yale-footer span{-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent calc(100% - 1em), #000 calc(100% - 1em), #000 calc(100% - (100% - 1em)), transparent calc(100% - (100% - 1em)))}.yale-footer a,.yale-footer a:link,.yale-footer a:visited{color:inherit}.yale-footer a:hover,.yale-footer a:focus{-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent calc(100% - 1em), #fff calc(100% - 1em), #fff calc(100% - (100% - 1em)), transparent calc(100% - (100% - 1em)));color:#000}.page-path--sitemap .scrolling-text-module,.page-path--site-map .scrolling-text-module{position:relative;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846;margin-top:2.0625rem}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.page-path--sitemap .scrolling-text-module,.page-path--site-map .scrolling-text-module{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.page-path--sitemap .scrolling-text-module .scrolling-text-module__title,.page-path--site-map .scrolling-text-module .scrolling-text-module__title{position:absolute;left:0.25em;top:-0.75rem;transform:translateY(-100%);font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846;text-decoration:underline;text-transform:uppercase;box-shadow:0px -0.25em 0px #ffffff, 0.25em -0.25em 0px #ffffff, 0.25em 0px 0px #ffffff, 0.25em 0.25em 0px #ffffff, 0px 0.25em 0px #ffffff, -0.25em 0.25em 0px #ffffff, -0.25em 0px 0px #ffffff, -0.25em -0.25em 0px #ffffff;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-color:#ffffff}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.page-path--sitemap .scrolling-text-module .scrolling-text-module__title,.page-path--site-map .scrolling-text-module .scrolling-text-module__title{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.accordion-module{background:#e3ffff;border:2px solid 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h1,.accordion-module h2,.accordion-module h3,.accordion-module h4,.accordion-module h5,.accordion-module h6{line-height:1.1}.announcement-module{background-image:linear-gradient(to right, white, #09ff09);background-size:100% 100%;padding:0.625rem;font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.1905}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.announcement-module{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.1905}}.announcement-module--expired{background-image:none;background-color:#ff0000;color:#ffffff}.background-module{margin:0 0 0 0}.backgrounds{position:fixed;width:100%;height:100%;top:0;left:0}.backgrounds__pattern,.backgrounds__photo,.backgrounds__stripe-container{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.backgrounds__stripe-container{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;max-width:54.6875rem}@media screen and (min-width: 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54.6875rem){.email-address-module__inner{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.email-address-module__inner a,.email-address-module__inner a:visited{color:#ffffff;text-decoration:none}.email-address-module__inner a:hover{color:#fff003;text-decoration:underline}.email-address-module__inner a:active{color:#ccccff;text-decoration:underline}.file-module img{display:block}.file-module__title{display:inline-block;background:#ffffff;padding:0.625rem;margin-top:1em;font-size:0.6875rem;line-height:1.2727;color:#000;font-family:"Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.file-module__title{font-size:0.6875rem;line-height:1.2727}}.image-grid-module__pagination{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-end;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846;color:#000}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.image-grid-module__pagination{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.image-grid-module__pagination-item{display:inline-block;background:#fff003;padding:0 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0.375rem}.image-grid-module__collection--2-col-imgs .image-grid-module__image{flex-basis:calc(50% - 0.375rem);margin:0 0.1875rem 0.375rem}.image-grid-module__collection--3-col-imgs .image-grid-module__image{flex-basis:calc(75% - 0.375rem);margin:0 0.1875rem 0.375rem}.image-grid-module__collection--4-col-imgs .image-grid-module__image{flex-basis:calc(100% - 0.375rem);margin:0 0.1875rem 0.375rem}.image-grid-module__image img{width:100%}.image-grid-module__caption{max-width:100%;display:inline-block;padding:0.625rem;background:#fff003;margin-top:-0.375rem;display:inline-block;font-family:"Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.image-grid-module__caption{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.image-grid-module--multiple-per-page .image-grid-module__caption{margin-top:0.75rem}@media screen and (max-width: 27rem){.colspan-1 .image-grid-module__pagination,.colspan-2 .image-grid-module__pagination{padding-left:0}.colspan-1 .image-grid-module__pagination-item--current-page,.colspan-2 .image-grid-module__pagination-item--current-page{display:none}}.jump-links-module{font-family:"Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;color:#000;font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.1905}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.jump-links-module{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.1905}}.jump-links-module__title{margin:0 0 0.75rem 0.25em;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846;font-weight:bold}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.jump-links-module__title{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.jump-links-module__title span{box-shadow:0px -0.05em 0px #ffffff, 0.25em -0.05em 0px #ffffff, 0.25em 0px 0px #ffffff, 0.25em 0.05em 0px #ffffff, 0px 0.05em 0px #ffffff, -0.25em 0.05em 0px #ffffff, -0.25em 0px 0px #ffffff, -0.25em -0.05em 0px #ffffff;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-color:#ffffff}ul.list--blank.jump-links-module__links{padding-left:0.25em;margin-bottom:0.25em}.jump-links-module__links a{padding-bottom:0.25em;box-shadow:0px -0.05em 0px #ffffff, 0.25em -0.05em 0px #ffffff, 0.25em 0px 0px #ffffff, 0.25em 0.05em 0px #ffffff, 0px 0.05em 0px #ffffff, -0.25em 0.05em 0px #ffffff, -0.25em 0px 0px #ffffff, -0.25em -0.05em 0px #ffffff;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-color:#ffffff;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:bold}.jump-links-module__links a,.jump-links-module__links a:link,.jump-links-module__links a:visited{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.jump-links-module__links li+li{margin-top:0.5em}.php-highlighter-module__title-container{background:#000;padding:0.625rem;margin-bottom:0.46875rem;color:#b2b2b2}.php-highlighter-module__title{margin:0 0}.php-highlighter-module__source{background:#ffffcc;padding:0.625rem;max-height:41em;overflow:auto;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.php-highlighter-module__source{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.scrolling-list-module{background:#beff81;padding:0.625rem;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.scrolling-list-module{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.scrolling-list-module.colspan-1{background:#e3ffff}.scrolling-list-module__inner{width:100%;height:100%;overflow:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.scrolling-list-module__title{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0.5em;text-transform:uppercase}.scrolling-list-module__list{padding-left:1em}.scrolling-list-module__list-item{min-height:1.25em}.scrolling-text-module{padding:0.625rem;background:#e3ffff;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.scrolling-text-module{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.scrolling-text-module.colspan-1{background:#d6d6d6}.scrolling-text-module.colspan-2{background-image:linear-gradient(to right, white, #fff003);background-size:100% 100%}.scrolling-text-module__inner{width:100%;height:100%;overflow:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.scrolling-text-module__title{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0.5em;text-transform:uppercase}.scrolling-text-module h1,.scrolling-text-module h2,.scrolling-text-module h3,.scrolling-text-module h4,.scrolling-text-module h5,.scrolling-text-module h6{line-height:1.1}.scrolling-text-module a{color:#0900ee;text-decoration:underline}.scrolling-text-module a:hover,.scrolling-text-module a:focus{color:#ff0000}.scrolling-text-module a:active{color:#ff6e01}.see-also-module__sizer{background:#ff4812;position:relative;display:inline-block}.see-also-module__inner{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__inner{padding:0 1.25rem}.see-also-module__list-opener{font-weight:normal}.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__carousel-arrow{display:block}.see-also-module__items{width:100%;max-width:100%;padding:0.625rem;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846;text-transform:uppercase;color:#000}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module__items{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.see-also-module__items a,.see-also-module__items a:link,.see-also-module__items a:visited{color:#000;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.see-also-module__items>span,.see-also-module__items>a,.see-also-module__items .flickity-slider>span,.see-also-module__items .flickity-slider>a{margin:0 0.3125rem;display:inline}.see-also-module__items>span.see-also-module__list-opener,.see-also-module__items .flickity-slider>span.see-also-module__list-opener{font-weight:bold;margin:0}.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__items>span,.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__items>a,.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__items .flickity-slider>span,.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__items .flickity-slider>a{white-space:nowrap}.see-also-module .flickity-viewport{position:relative;z-index:1}.see-also-module .flickity-button{position:absolute;width:1.25rem;height:100%;top:0;background-color:#ff4812;border:0;padding:0;z-index:2}.see-also-module .flickity-button.previous{left:0;padding-left:0.3125rem}.see-also-module .flickity-button.next{right:0;padding-right:0.3125rem}.see-also-module .flickity-button:focus{background-color:#fff003}.see-also-module .flickity-button:disabled svg .arrow{opacity:0.25}.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__items:before,.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__items:after{content:"";width:2.5rem;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:2}.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__items:before{background-image:linear-gradient(to right, #ff4812, rgba(255,72,18,0));left:0}.see-also-module.has-carousel .see-also-module__items:after{background-image:linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,72,18,0), #ff4812);right:1.25rem}.see-also-module.colspan-1{flex-basis:100%}.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-1{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}.see-also-module.colspan-1 .see-also-module__sizer{max-width:calc(50% - 0.625rem)}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module.colspan-1 .see-also-module__sizer{max-width:calc(50% - 0.625rem)}}.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-1 .see-also-module__sizer{width:calc(50% - 0.625rem);margin-left:0.625rem;margin-bottom:0.625rem}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-1 .see-also-module__sizer{width:calc(25% - 0.25rem);margin-left:0.25rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem}}.see-also-module.colspan-2{flex-basis:100%}.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-2{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}.see-also-module.colspan-2 .see-also-module__sizer{max-width:calc(100% - 0.625rem)}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module.colspan-2 .see-also-module__sizer{max-width:calc(100% - 0.625rem)}}.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-2 .see-also-module__sizer{width:calc(50% - 0.625rem);margin-left:0.625rem;margin-bottom:0.625rem}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-2 .see-also-module__sizer{width:calc(50% - 0.25rem);margin-left:0.25rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem}}.see-also-module.colspan-3{flex-basis:100%}.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-3{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}.see-also-module.colspan-3 .see-also-module__sizer{max-width:calc(150% - 0.625rem)}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module.colspan-3 .see-also-module__sizer{max-width:calc(150% - 0.625rem)}}.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-3 .see-also-module__sizer{width:calc(100% - 0.625rem);margin-left:0.625rem;margin-bottom:0.625rem}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-3 .see-also-module__sizer{width:calc(75% - 0.25rem);margin-left:0.25rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem}}.see-also-module.colspan-4{flex-basis:100%}.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-4{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}.see-also-module.colspan-4 .see-also-module__sizer{max-width:calc(200% - 0.625rem)}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module.colspan-4 .see-also-module__sizer{max-width:calc(200% - 0.625rem)}}.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-4 .see-also-module__sizer{width:calc(100% - 0.625rem);margin-left:0.625rem;margin-bottom:0.625rem}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.see-also-module.has-carousel.colspan-4 .see-also-module__sizer{width:calc(100% - 0.25rem);margin-left:0.25rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem}}.single-image-module__caption{max-width:100%;padding:0.625rem;display:inline-block;background:white}.single-image-module img{width:100%}.slideshow-module__pagination{padding-left:2.25rem;display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846;color:#b2b2b2}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.slideshow-module__pagination{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.slideshow-module__pagination-item{display:inline-block;background:#dcddde;padding:0 0.625rem;border:0}.slideshow-module__pagination-item:focus{outline:0}.slideshow-module__pagination-item-container:focus .slideshow-module__pagination-item{background:#000;color:#ffffff}.slideshow-module__pagination>*{flex:0 0 auto}.slideshow-module__pagination>*+*{margin-left:0.375rem}.slideshow-module__pagination .slideshow-module__pagination-item--current-page{color:#000}.slideshow-module__pagination a,.slideshow-module__pagination a:visited,.slideshow-module__pagination a:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.slideshow-module__pagination a:active{color:#ff0000}.slideshow-module__slide{width:100%}.slideshow-module__slide img{width:100%}.slideshow-module__caption{max-width:100%;display:inline-block;background:#dcddde;padding:0.625rem;display:inline-block;font-family:"Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.slideshow-module__caption{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}@media screen and (max-width: 27rem){.colspan-1 .slideshow-module__pagination,.colspan-2 .slideshow-module__pagination{padding-left:0}.colspan-1 .slideshow-module__pagination-item--current-page,.colspan-2 .slideshow-module__pagination-item--current-page{display:none}}.title-module span{color:#000}.title-module--prominence-1.colspan-1,.title-module--prominence-1.colspan-2,.title-module--prominence-1.colspan-3,.title-module--prominence-1.colspan-4{width:100%}.title-module .page-title--prominence-1,.title-module .page-title--prominence-2,.title-module .page-title--prominence-3,.title-module .page-title--prominence-4{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.title-module .page-title--prominence-1 span{-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0.19em, #fff003 0.19em, #fff003 0.91em, transparent 0.91em);text-transform:uppercase;position:relative;top:-0.125em}.title-module .page-title--prominence-2 span{-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent 0.19em, #fff 0.19em, #fff 0.91em, transparent 0.91em);text-transform:uppercase;position:relative;top:-0.175em}.title-module .page-title--prominence-3 span{text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent calc(100% - 1em), #fff calc(100% - 1em), #fff calc(100% - (100% - 1em)), transparent calc(100% - (100% - 1em)))}.title-module .page-title--prominence-4 span{text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent calc(100% - 1em), #fff calc(100% - 1em), #fff calc(100% - (100% - 1em)), transparent calc(100% - (100% - 1em)))}.verbatim-module iframe{width:100%}*,*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0px;background:#ffffff;font-family:"Arial", "Helvetica", sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){body{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}img{behavior:url(/javascripts/pngbehavior.htc)}form{display:inline}textarea,input[type="text"]{font-family:Arial, Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:17px}p{padding-top:0px;margin-top:0px}div.editable{position:relative;top:0px;left:0px;margin-bottom:24px}div.edit_buttons{position:relative;top:0px;left:0px;width:810px}div.editable_outline{border:1px dashed #00ff00;padding:1px}div.editable_outline_active{border:2px solid #00ff00;padding:0px}div.add_before{margin-bottom:24px}div#outer-container{z-index:1}div#spinner{z-index:2;position:fixed;top:24px;left:660px}div#spinner span{background:#ff4912}.fullheight{height:100%}div.page_header_footer{font-size:11px;line-height:14px;color:#ff6e00}div.page_header_footer a,div.page_header_footer a:visited{text-decoration:none;color:#ff6e00}.skip-to-content-link{position:absolute;left:0.33em;top:0.33em;transform:scale(0);z-index:2;color:#000;text-decoration:underline;box-shadow:0px -0.33em 0px #fff003, 0.33em -0.33em 0px #fff003, 0.33em 0px 0px #fff003, 0.33em 0.33em 0px #fff003, 0px 0.33em 0px #fff003, -0.33em 0.33em 0px #fff003, -0.33em 0px 0px #fff003, -0.33em -0.33em 0px #fff003;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;background-color:#fff003;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}@media screen and (min-width: 54.6875rem){.skip-to-content-link{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.3846}}.skip-to-content-link:focus{transform:scale(1);outline:0}